Demand for lithium—a critical mineral for electrification and decarbonization—is rapidly increasing, but we lack a clear, spatially explicit understanding of where and how it is being mined. Leveraging recent advances in geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI), we will build SAGE (Scalable AI for Geospatial Extraction)—a segmentation framework that combines remote sensing science with Meta’s Segment Anything Model (SAM), a state-of-the-art vision foundation model. This project will produce the first high-resolution global map and geodatabase of lithium mines and advance environmental monitoring, supply chain transparency, and decision-making in a vital priority area for national security.